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The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 2508-2515.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists

Regulatory CD8+ T Cells Control Neonatal Tolerance to a Th2-Mediated Autoimmunity1

Anne-Christine Field, Laure Caccavelli, Marie-Françoise Bloch and Blanche Bellon2

Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 430, Immunopathologie Humaine, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France

Exposure of newborn animals to a foreign Ag may result in immunological tolerance to that specific Ag, a phenomenon called neonatal tolerance. We have previously reported that neonatal administration to Brown-Norway rats of mercury, a heavy metal toxicant, induces a dominant tolerance, specific for the chemical otherwise responsible for Th2 cell-mediated autoimmune responses in this susceptible strain of rats. Neonatal exposure to Ags can prime immunity, rather than inactivate or delete responses, and sustain regulatory functions effective against autoreactive T cells. Here, we address whether such a tolerant response is due to the generation of regulatory cells. The results suggest that the CD8+ T cell subset is involved in neonatal tolerance to mercuric salt-induced Th2 autoimmune disease. Thus, we demonstrate that in vivo CD8 depletion breaks tolerance following mercury recall in animals under a neonatal tolerance protocol. Furthermore, adoptive cotransfer of splenocytes from naive and tolerant rats as well as transfer of CD8+ T cells from tolerant animals prevent naive syngeneic rats from developing pathologic Th2 immune responses. These observations indicate that CD8+ T cells are endowed with regulatory functions in neonatal tolerance and mediate active suppression. Moreover, neonatal tolerance induced the expansion of CD8+CD45RChigh T cells and the emergence of a high percentage of IFN-{gamma}-synthesizing CD8+ T cells, which probably reflects the implication of regulatory Tc1 cells. Thus, in vivo induction of neonatal tolerance suppresses Th2 autoimmune responses via generation of a CD8+ cell-mediated regulatory response.




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