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The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 1249-1256.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists

Critical Role of MHC Class I-Related Chain A and B Expression on IFN-{alpha}-Stimulated Dendritic Cells in NK Cell Activation: Impairment in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection 1

Masahisa Jinushi*, Tetsuo Takehara*, Tatsuya Kanto*, Tomohide Tatsumi*, Veronika Groh{dagger}, Thomas Spies{dagger}, Takuya Miyagi*, Takahiro Suzuki*, Yutaka Sasaki* and Norio Hayashi2,*

* Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and {dagger} Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109

Dendritic cells (DCs) augment effector functions of NK cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show in an in vitro coculture system that human monocyte-derived DCs enhance IFN-{gamma} production, CD69 expression, and K562 cytolytic ability of NK cells when DCs are prestimulated with various maturation stimuli such as IFN-{alpha} or LPS. Of interest is the finding that NK cell activation mediated by LPS-stimulated DCs was dependent on IL-12 produced in DC/NK coculture, but that IFN-{alpha}-stimulated DC-mediated activation was not. Alternatively, MHC class I-related chain A and B (MICA/B), ligands for NKG2D activating receptor, were found to be induced on DCs upon IFN-{alpha} stimulation and to be responsible for the NK activation because mAb-mediated masking of MICA/B as well as inhibition of direct cell-to-cell contact using transwell insert completely abolished DC-dependent NK cell activation by IFN-{alpha}. Finally, DCs recovered from chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients showed defects in the induction of MICA/B and impaired ability to activate NK cells in response to IFN-{alpha} stimulation. These findings suggested that MICA/B induction on DCs may be one of the mechanisms by which IFN-{alpha} activates NK cells; this impairment might affect IFN-{alpha} responsiveness in hepatitis C virus infection.


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