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* Unidad de Investigación Médica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico;
Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politecnico National, Mexico City, Mexico; and
Departmento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; and
Departments of Pathology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
Mast cells (MC) are abundant in the lung and other peripheral tissue, where they participate in inflammatory processes against bacterial infections. Like other effector cells of the innate immune system, MC interact directly with a wide variety of infectious agents. This interaction results in MC activation and inflammatory mediator release. We demonstrated that MC interact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, triggering the release of several prestored reagents, such as histamine and 
-hexosaminidase, and de novo synthesized cytokines, such as TNF-
and IL-6. A number of M. tuberculosis Ags, ESAT-6, MTSA-10, and MPT-63, have been implicated in MC activation and mediator release. A MC plasmalemmal protein, CD48, was implicated in interactions with mycobacteria because CD48 appeared to aggregate in the MC membrane at sites of bacterial binding and because Abs to CD48 inhibited the MC histamine response to mycobacteria. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that MC, even in the absence of opsonins, can directly recognize M. tuberculosis and its Ags and have the potential to play an active role in mediating the host’s innate response to M. tuberculosis infection.
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