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-Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice, Revealing Pathogenic and Protective Effects of IL-12-Induced IFN-
1
BioXell, Milan, Italy
IL-12 administration to nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice induces IFN-
-secreting type 1 T cells and high circulating IFN-
levels and accelerates insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we show that IL-12-induced IFN-
production is dispensable for diabetes acceleration, because exogenous IL-12 could enhance IDDM development in IFN-
-deficient as well as in IFN-
-sufficient NOD mice. Both in IFN-
+/- and IFN-
-/- NOD mice, IL-12 administration generates a massive and destructive insulitis characterized by T cells, macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells, and increases the number of pancreatic CD4+ cells secreting IL-2 and TNF-
. Surprisingly, IL-12-induced IFN-
hinders pancreatic B cell infiltration and inhibits the capacity of APCs to activate T cells. Although pancreatic CD4+ T cells from IL-12-treated IFN-
-/- mice fail to up-regulate the P-selectin ligand, suggesting that their entry into the pancreas may be impaired, T cell expansion is favored in these mice compared with IL-12-treated IFN-
+/- mice because IL-12 administration in the absence of IFN-
leads to enhanced cell proliferation and reduced T cell apoptosis. NO, an effector molecule in
cell destruction, is produced ex vivo in high quantity by pancreas-infiltrating cells through a mechanism involving IL-12-induced IFN-
. Conversely, in IL-12-treated IFN-
-deficient mice, other pathways of
cell death appear to be increased, as indicated by the up-regulated expression of Fas ligand on Th1 cells in the absence of IFN-
. These data demonstrate that IFN-
has a dual role, pathogenic and protective, in IDDM development, and its deletion allows IL-12 to establish alternative pathways leading to diabetes acceleration.
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