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The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 4933-4942.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists

Regulation of CD8+ T Cells Undergoing Primary and Secondary Responses to Infection in the Same Host1

Vladimir P. Badovinac*, Kelly A. Nordyke Messingham*, Sara E. Hamilton{dagger} and John T. Harty2,*,{dagger}

* Department of Microbiology and {dagger} Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242

Naive Ag-specific CD8+ T cells expand, contract, and become memory cells after infection and/or vaccination. Memory CD8+ T cells provide faster, more effective secondary responses against repeated exposure to the same pathogen. Using an adoptive transfer system with low numbers of trackable nontransgenic memory CD8+ T cells, we showed that secondary responses can be comprised of both primary (naive) and secondary (memory) CD8+ T cells after bacterial (Listeria monocytogenes) and/or viral (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) infections. The level of memory CD8+ T cells present at the time of infection inversely correlated with the magnitude of primary CD8+ T cell responses against the same epitope but directly correlated with the level of protection against infection. However, similar numbers of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells were found 8 days postinfection no matter how many memory cells were present at the time of infection. Rapid contraction of primary CD8+ T cell responses was not influenced by the presence of memory CD8+ T cells. However, contraction of secondary CD8+ T cell responses was markedly prolonged compared with primary responses in the same host mice. This situation occurred in response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or L. monocytogenes infection and for CD8+ T cell responses against multiple epitopes. The delayed contraction of secondary CD8+ T cells was also observed after immunization with peptide-coated dendritic cells. Together, the results show that the level of memory CD8+ T cells influences protective immunity and activation of naive precursors specific for the same epitope but has little impact on the magnitude or program of the CD8+ T cell response.




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