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Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
An increased production of proinflammatory cytokines occurs in a
high percentage of elderly persons and is associated with an impaired
humoral immune response. However, high IL-4 production has also been
observed in old age. We now demonstrate an IL-4-producing subpopulation
of CD8+ T cells in a subgroup of healthy older adults. This
T cell subset is substantial in size and has a characteristic phenotype
expressing CD45RO, CD28, CD62L, and CD25. IL-4-producing
CD8+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-2 but not IFN-
or perforin, and these cells do not have a regulatory suppressive
effect on other T cells. In vivo IL-4-producing CD8+ T
cells can be stably detected over a year. When put into culture they
also have a stable cytokine production pattern but fail to produce
perforin even in the presence of IL-12. This special T cell type does
not occur in persons under the age of 40, but is present in 36% of the
persons >60 years of age. In this age group, IL-4-producing
CD8+ T cells are more frequent in persons who are still
capable of raising a humoral immune response following immunization
than in others who fail to produce protective Abs after vaccination.
Our results suggest that CD8+ T cells with a
CD62L++(bright) phenotype accumulate in a
subgroup of older adults. Due to their phenotype that enables them to
migrate into lymphoid tissues and to their capacity to produce IL-4,
these cells may counterbalance the overproduction of proinflammatory
cytokines in old age.
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