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* Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and
First Department of Surgery, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan;
AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan;
¶ Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunity, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
|| Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
Nasal immunization of normal mice with HIVgp160-encapsulated
hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome induced high titers of
gp160-specific neutralizing IgG in serum and IgA in nasal wash, saliva,
fecal extract, and vaginal wash, along with both Th1- and Th2-type
responses. HIVgp160-specific IgG- and IgA-producing cells were also
detected in mononuclear cells isolated from spleen, nasal cavity,
salivary gland, intestinal lamina propria, and vaginal tissue of
nasally immunized mice. In addition, CD8+ CTLs were induced
in mice nasally immunized with gp160-HVJ-liposome. These findings
suggest that two layers of effective HIV-specific humoral and cellular
immunity, in mucosal and systemic sites, were induced by this nasal
vaccine. In immunodeficient mice, nasal immunization with
gp160-HVJ-liposome induced Ag-specific immune responses for the
systemic and mucosal compartments of both Th1
(IFN-
-/-) and Th2 (IL-4-/-). In vitro
Ag-specific serum IgG Ab and vaginal wash samples possessing IgA and
IgG Abs that had been induced by nasal immunization with
gp160-HVJ-liposome were able to neutralize a clinically isolated strain
of HIV-MN strain isolated from Japanese hemophiliac patients.
Taken together, these results suggest that, for the prevention and
control of AIDS, nasally administered gp160-HVJ-liposome is a powerful
immunization tool that induces necessary Ag-specific immune responses
at different stages of HIV infection.
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