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k Hel*
* Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892;
Third Department of Pediatrics, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Bialystok, Waszyngtona, Poland;
Southern Research Institute, Frederick, MD 21701;
Center for AIDS Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710;
¶ Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892;
|| Aventis-Pasteur, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
# Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021; and
** Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
A cohort of rhesus macaques with long-standing SIVmac251 infection
(
5 mo) was treated with continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART). A
group of eight macaques was vaccinated with or without simultaneous
administration of low dose IL-2 with the highly attenuated poxvirus
vector (NYVAC) vaccine candidate expressing the SIVmac structural
gag-pol-env (gpe) genes and a novel
chimeric fusion protein derived from the rev-tat-nef
(rtn) regulatory genes. Control groups consisted of
mock-vaccinated macaques or animals treated only with IL-2. Vaccination
significantly expanded both virus-specific CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell responses, and IL-2 further increased the
vaccine-induced response to an immunodominant Gag epitope. Following
antiretroviral treatment interruption, the viral set point was
significantly lower in vaccinated than in control macaques for at least
4 consecutive mo, and viral containment was inversely correlated with
vaccine-induced, virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T
cell responses. These data provide the proof of concept that
therapeutic vaccination before cessation of ART may be a feasible
approach in the clinical management of HIV-1
infection.
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