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,

Departments of
* Medicine and
Pediatrics, and
Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206; and
Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway
regulates a wide range of inflammatory responses in many different
cells. Inhibition of p38 MAPK before exposing a cell to stress stimuli
has profound anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about
the effects of p38 MAPK inhibition on ongoing inflammatory responses.
LPS-induced activation of p38 MAPK in human neutrophils was inhibited
by poststimulation exposure to a p38 MAPK inhibitor (M39). Release of
TNF-
, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 (MIP-1
), and
IL-8 by LPS-stimulated neutrophils was also reduced by poststimulation
p38 MAPK inhibition. In contrast, release of monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1 was found to be p38 MAPK independent. Ongoing chemotaxis
toward IL-8 was eliminated by p38 MAPK inhibition, although the rate of
nondirectional movement was not reduced. A murine model of acute
LPS-induced lung inflammation was used to study the effect of p38 MAPK
inhibition in ongoing pulmonary inflammation. Initial pulmonary cell
responses occur within 4 h of stimulation in this model, so M39
was administered 4 h or 12 h after exposure of the animals to
aerosolized LPS to avoid inhibition of cytokine release. Quantities of
TNF-
, MIP-2, KC, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
recovered from bronchial alveolar lavage or serum were not changed.
Recruitment of neutrophils, but not other leukocytes, to the airspaces
was significantly reduced. Together, these data demonstrate the
selective reduction of LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to the
airspaces, independent of suppression of other inflammatory responses.
These findings support the feasibility of p38 MAPK inhibition as
a selective intervention to reduce neutrophilic
inflammation.
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