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* Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
Departments of Medical Immunology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Oral tolerance is an important physiological component of the immune system whereby the organism avoids dangerous reactions such as hypersensitivity to ingested food proteins and other luminal Ags which may cause tissue damage and inflammation. In addition, it has been shown in animal models and in humans that oral tolerance can be applied to controlling undesired immune responses, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and organ transplant rejections. However, the molecular mechanisms of oral tolerance have been poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis underlying the hyporesponsiveness of orally tolerant CD4 T cells using a TCR transgenic mouse system in which oral tolerance was induced by long-term feeding with high dose Ag. We demonstrate that the hyporesponsive state of the CD4 T cells was maintained by a selective impairment in the TCR-induced calcium/NFAT signaling pathway and in the IL-2R-induced degradation of p27kip1 and cell cycle progression. Thus, physiological mucosal tolerance is revealed to be associated with a unique type of T cell hyporesponsiveness which differs from previously described anergic T cells.
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