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The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 4467-4474.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists

Synergistic Engagement of an Ineffective Endogenous Anti-Tumor Immune Response and Induction of IFN-{gamma} and Fas-Ligand-Dependent Tumor Eradication by Combined Administration of IL-18 and IL-21

Jon M. Wigginton2,*, Jong-Keuk Lee{ddagger}, Theresa A. Wiltrout§, W. Gregory Alvord{dagger}, Julie A. Hixon*, Jeffrey Subleski{ddagger}, Timothy C. Back§ and Robert H. Wiltrout{ddagger}

* Pediatric Oncology Branch, {dagger} Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, and {ddagger} Data Management Services, National Cancer Institute-Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892; and § Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702

IFN-{gamma} is a critical component of the endogenous and many cytokine-induced antitumor immune responses. In this study we have shown that the combination of IL-18 and IL-2 (IL-18/IL-2) synergistically enhances IFN-{gamma} production both in vitro and in vivo, and synergizes in vivo to induce complete durable regression of well-established 3LL tumors in >80% of treated mice. We have observed a nascent, but ineffective, host immune response against 3LL that depends on endogenous IFN-{gamma} and IL-12 production and the Fas/Fas ligand (Fas-L) pathway. The combined administration of IL-18/IL-2 engages this endogenous response to induce tumor regression via a mechanism that is independent of NK and NKT cells or IL-12, but is critically dependent on CD8+ T cells, IFN-{gamma}, and the Fas/Fas-L pathway. These studies demonstrate the importance of IFN-{gamma} as well as the Fas/Fas-L pathway in both endogenous and cytokine-driven antitumor immune responses engaged by IL-18/IL-2 and provide preclinical impetus for clinical investigation of this potent anti-tumor combination.




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