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* Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 519, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, and
Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides, Institut de Rechereche en Chimie Organique Fine, Rouen, France.
Immunoblots of a two-dimensional PAGE-separated HL-60 cell
proteomic map and mass spectrometry were combined to characterize
proteins targeted by autoantibodies produced by male (New Zealand
White x BXSB)F1 (WB) mice that develop lupus and
anti-phospholipid syndrome. Analysis of sera sequentially
obtained from seven individual mice at different ages showed that six
proteins, vimentin, heat shock protein 60, UV excision-repair protein
RAD23, 
-enolase, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L, and
nucleophosmin, were the targets of the B cell autoimmune response, and
that autoantibodies to them were synthesized sequentially in an orderly
pattern that recurred in all the male WB mice analyzed:
anti-vimentin first and anti-nucleophosmin last, with
anti-RAD23 and anti-heat shock protein 60, then
anti--enolase and anti-heterogeneous nuclear
ribonucleoprotein L Abs occuring concomitantly. Anti-vimentin
reactivity always appeared before anti-cardiolipin and anti-DNA
Abs, suggesting that vimentin is the immunogen initiating the
autoimmune process. The pattern of HL-60 proteins recognized by female
WB sera differed from that of male sera, indicating that the Y
chromosome-linked autoimmune acceleration gene is not an accelerator
but a strong modifier of the autoimmune response. Thus, 1) combining
two-dimensional PAGE and mass spectrometry constitutes a powerful tool
to identify the set of Ags bound by autoantibodies present in a single
serum and the whole autoantibody pattern of an autoimmune disease; 2)
the diversification of the autoimmune response in male WB mice occurs
in a predetermined pattern consistent with Ag spreading, and thus
provides a useful model to further our understanding of the development
of the autoantibody response in
lupus.
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