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* Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and
Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, and
Program in Cell Biology, Departments of Pediatrics,
Immunology, and
¶ Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80262; and
|| Rheumatology Section, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Removal of cells dying by apoptosis is essential to normal development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and resolution of inflammation. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) are high abundance pulmonary collectins recently implicated in apoptotic cell clearance in vitro. Other collectins, such as mannose-binding lectin and the collectin-like C1q, have been shown to bind to apoptotic cells and drive ingestion through interaction with calreticulin and CD91 on the phagocyte in vitro. However, only C1q has been shown to enhance apoptotic cell uptake in vivo. We sought to determine the relative importance of SP-A, SP-D, and C1q in pulmonary clearance of apoptotic cells using knockout and overexpressing mice, and to determine the role of calreticulin and CD91 in this process. SP-A, SP-D, and C1q all enhanced apoptotic cell ingestion by resident murine and human alveolar macrophages in vitro. However, only SP-D altered apoptotic cell clearance from the naive murine lung, suggesting that SP-D plays a particularly important role in vivo. Similar to C1q and mannose-binding lectin, SP-A and SP-D bound to apoptotic cells in a localized, patchy pattern and drove apoptotic cell ingestion by phagocytes through a mechanism dependent on calreticulin and CD91. These results suggest that the entire collectin family of innate immune proteins (including C1q) works through a common receptor complex to enhance removal of apoptotic cells, and that collectins are integral, organ-specific components of the clearance machinery.
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 K. Christopher, T. F. Mueller, R. DeFina, Y. Liang, J. Zhang, R. Gentleman, and D. L. Perkins The graft response to transplantation: a gene expression profile analysis Physiol Genomics, September 29, 2003; 15(1): 52 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Kaminski, J. A. Belperio, P. B. Bitterman, L. Chen, S. W. Chensue, A. M.K. Choi, S. Dacic, J. H. Dauber, R. M. du Bois, J. J. Enghild, et al. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., September 1, 2003; 29(3): S1 - 105. [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Ghiran, L. B. Klickstein, and A. Nicholson-Weller Calreticulin Is at the Surface of Circulating Neutrophils and Uses CD59 as an Adaptor Molecule J. Biol. Chem., May 30, 2003; 278(23): 21024 - 21031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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