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* Liver Diseases Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
The cellular immune response contributes to clearance of hepatitis
C virus (HCV) and persists for decades after recovery from infection.
The immunological basis for the inefficiency of the cellular immune
response in chronically infected persons is not known. Here, we used
four HLA-A2 tetramers, specific for two HCV core and two HCV NS3
epitopes, to investigate at the single-cell level effector function and
phenotype of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in 20 chronically
infected and 12 long-term recovered patients. Overall, HCV-specific,
tetramer+ T cells were more frequently found in PBMCs of
chronically infected patients than in those of recovered patients.
However, when compared with HCV-tetramer+ T cells of
recovered patients, they displayed an impaired proliferative capacity.
As a result of the impaired proliferative capacity, HCV-specific T cell
lines derived from chronically infected patients displayed less
peptide-specific cytotoxicity than those from recovered patients. In
addition, proliferation and ex vivo IFN-
production of
HCV-tetramer+ cells, but not influenza-virus-specific T
cells, were defective in chronically infected patients and could not be
restored by in vitro stimulation with peptide and IL-2. At least three
distinct phenotypes of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells were
identified and associated with certain functional characteristics. In
addition, impairment of proliferative, cytokine, and cytotoxic effector
functions of tetramer+ T cells in viremic patients was
associated with weak ex vivo HCV-specific CD4+ T cell
responses. Thus, the defective functions of HCV-specific
CD8+ T cells might contribute to viral persistence in
chronically infected patients, and knowledge on their reversibility may
facilitate the development of immunotherapeutic
vaccines.
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T. Boettler, H. C. Spangenberg, C. Neumann-Haefelin, E. Panther, S. Urbani, C. Ferrari, H. E. Blum, F. von Weizsacker, and R. Thimme T Cells with a CD4+CD25+ Regulatory Phenotype Suppress In Vitro Proliferation of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells during Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection J. Virol., June 15, 2005; 79(12): 7860 - 7867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. Tester, S. Smyk-Pearson, P. Wang, A. Wertheimer, E. Yao, D. M. Lewinsohn, J. E. Tavis, and H. R. Rosen Immune evasion versus recovery after acute hepatitis C virus infection from a shared source J. Exp. Med., June 6, 2005; 201(11): 1725 - 1731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Candotti, J. Temple, F. Sarkodie, and J.-P. Allain Frequent Recovery and Broad Genotype 2 Diversity Characterize Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Ghana, West Africa J. Virol., July 15, 2003; 77(14): 7914 - 7923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. K. Henderson Managing Occupational Risks for Hepatitis C Transmission in the Health Care Setting Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2003; 16(3): 546 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. H. Shoukry, A. Grakoui, M. Houghton, D. Y. Chien, J. Ghrayeb, K. A. Reimann, and C. M. Walker Memory CD8+ T Cells Are Required for Protection from Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection J. Exp. Med., June 16, 2003; 197(12): 1645 - 1655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Dolganiuc, K. Kodys, A. Kopasz, C. Marshall, T. Do, L. Romics Jr., P. Mandrekar, M. Zapp, and G. Szabo Hepatitis C Virus Core and Nonstructural Protein 3 Proteins Induce Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Inhibit Dendritic Cell Differentiation J. Immunol., June 1, 2003; 170(11): 5615 - 5624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Thimme, J. Bukh, H. C. Spangenberg, S. Wieland, J. Pemberton, C. Steiger, S. Govindarajan, R. H. Purcell, and F. V. Chisari Inaugural Article: Viral and immunological determinants of hepatitis C virus clearance, persistence, and disease PNAS, November 26, 2002; 99(24): 15661 - 15668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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