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Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
There is a robust and transient innate immune response in the brain
during endotoxemia, which is associated with a cascade of NF-
B
signaling events and transcriptional activation of genes that encode
TNF-
and the LPS receptor CD14. The present study investigated
whether circulating LPS has the ability to modulate the cerebral innate
immune response caused by an intrastriatal (IS) injection of the
endotoxin. We also tested the possibility that CD14 plays a role in
these effects and male rats received an intracerebroventricular
injection with an anti-CD14 before the IS LPS administration. The
single LPS bolus into the striatum caused a strong and time-dependent
transcriptional activation of TNF-, IB, CD14, and monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in microglial cells ipsilateral to the
site of injection. Surprisingly, this wave of induced transcripts was
essentially abolished by the systemic endotoxin pretreatment. Such
anti-inflammatory properties of circulating LPS are mediated via
plasma corticosterone, because exogenous corticoids mimicked while
glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 prevented the effects of
systemic endotoxin challenge. Of interest is the partial involvement of
CD14 in LPS-induced neuroinflammation; the anti-CD14 significantly
abolished the microglial activity at day 3, but not at times earlier.
The inflammatory response provoked by an acute intraparenchymal LPS
bolus was not associated with convincing neurodegenerative processes.
These data provide compelling evidence that systemic inflammation,
through the increase in circulating glucocorticoids, has the ability to
prevent the cerebral innate immune reaction triggered by an IS
endotoxin injection. This study also further consolidates the existence
of such system in the brain, which is finely regulated and its
transient activation is not harmful for the neuronal
elements.
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