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Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Pavillon Centre Hospitalier de lUniversité Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, and Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12, collectively known as myeloid-related
proteins (MRPs), are highly expressed by the myeloid cell lineage and
are found in the extracellular milieu during infections and
inflammatory conditions. Recent data showed high levels of MRPs in the
serum of HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients which correlated with
disease progression and low CD4+ counts. Therefore, we set
out to investigate the effect of MRPs on HIV-1 replication. We observed
a 4- to 5-fold induction of virus production in J1.1, a human T
lymphoid cell line latently infected with HIV-1, following treatment
with MRPs. Using luciferase-based reporter gene assays, we demonstrated
that MRPs induce a dose- and time-dependent activation of the HIV-1
long terminal repeat promoter region that could be blocked by
specific anti-MRP polyclonal Abs and by physical denaturation of
these proteins. The MRP-mediated induction was acting through the HIV-1
enhancer sequence and was dependent upon NF-
B activity. These latter
results were also confirmed by EMSA experiments conducted in Jurkat
cells and freshly isolated PBMCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that
MRPs induce HIV-1 transcriptional activity and viral replication in
infected CD4+ T-lymphocytes at concentrations similar to
those found in the serum of HIV-1-infected
patients.
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