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* University of Birmingham, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Birmingham, United Kingdom;
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; and
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Virgin T cells being primed to Th2-inducing or Th1-inducing Ags,
respectively, start to synthesize IL-4 or IFN-
as they begin to
proliferate. Parallel respective induction of B cells to produce 1
or 2a switch transcripts provides additional evidence of early
divergent Th activity. This report concerns the roles of IL-4, IL-13,
and B cells in these early events in vivo. Th2 responses were induced
in lymph nodes against hapten-protein given s.c. with killed
Bordetella pertussis adjuvant. In T cell proliferation
in wild-type mice, IL-4 message up-regulation and 1 and 
switch
transcript production were underway 48–72 h after immunization. The
absence of IL-4, IL-13, or B cells did not alter the early T cell
proliferative response. The 1 and switch transcript production
was still induced in the absence of IL-4, IL-13, or both, but at a
reduced level, while the dominance of switching to IgG1 in the
extrafollicular hapten-specific plasma cell response was retained. The
up-regulation of IL-4 message was not reduced or delayed in the absence
of B cells and was only marginally reduced by the absence of IL-13. It
is concluded that signals delivered by dendritic cells, which are not
dependent on the presence of IL-4, IL-13, or B cells, can prime virgin
T cells and induce the early Th2 activities studied. These early events
that direct virgin T cells toward Th2 differentiation contrast with the
critical later role of Th2 cytokines in selectively expanding Th2
clones and driving further IL-4 synthesis.
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