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The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 2892-2899.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists

Surfactant Protein D Reduces Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis In Vivo1

Howard Clark2,*, Nades Palaniyar*, Peter Strong*, Jess Edmondson{dagger}, Samuel Hawgood{dagger} and Kenneth B. M. Reid*

* Medical Research Council Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and {dagger} Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes the patterns of surface carbohydrate on pathogens and targets them for phagocytosis and killing. SP-D-deficient mice show an increased number of macrophages in the alveolar space, excess surfactant phospholipid, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and the development of emphysema. We report here that SP-D-deficient mice have a 5- to 10-fold increase in the number of apoptotic and necrotic alveolar macrophages, as defined by annexin V and propidium iodine staining, respectively. Intrapulmonary administration of a truncated 60-kDa fragment of human recombinant SP-D reduces the number of apoptotic and necrotic alveolar macrophages and partially corrects the lipid accumulation in SP-D-deficient mice. The same SP-D fragment binds preferentially to apoptotic and necrotic alveolar macrophages in vitro, suggesting that SP-D contributes to immune homeostasis in the lung by recognizing and promoting removal of necrotic and apoptotic cells.




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