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* Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine,
Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, and
David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
We have previously shown that mast cells enhance eosinophil
survival and activation. In this study we further characterized mast
cell activity toward eosinophils. Sonicate of both rat peritoneal mast
cells and the human mast cell line 1 (HMC-1) induced a
concentration-dependent IL-6 and IL-8 release from human peripheral
blood eosinophils (ELISA). HMC-1-induced IL-8 release was significantly
reduced by the tryptase inhibitors GW-45 and GW-58 (90 and 87%,
respectively, at an optimal concentration) but not by anti-stem
cell factor, anti-TNF-
, or anti-IFN-
neutralizing Abs or
by the antihistamine drugs pyrilamine and cimetidine. In a manner
similar to HMC-1, human recombinant tryptase induced the expression of
mRNA for IL-8 (RT-PCR) and caused IL-8 release from the eosinophils.
Addition of cycloheximide, actinomycin D, dexamethasone, PD 98059,
curcumin, or SB 202190 completely inhibited the tryptase-induced IL-6
and IL-8 release. In contrast, cyclosporin A had no effect on
tryptase-induced IL-8 release. Tryptase caused phosphorylation of
extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, c-Jun N-terminal
kinases 1 and 2, and p38 (Western blot). Tryptase also induced the
translocation of c-Jun from the cytosol to the nucleus (confocal
microscopy) and enhanced AP-1 binding activity to the DNA (EMSA).
Eosinophils were found to express proteinase-activated receptor 2
(FACS). When eosinophils were incubated with tryptase in the presence
of anti-proteinase-activated receptor 2 antagonist Abs a
significant decrease in the IL-6 and IL-8 release occurred. In summary,
we have demonstrated that the preformed mast cell mediator tryptase
induces cytokine production and release in human peripheral blood
eosinophils by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/AP-1
pathway.
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