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-Defensin Isoforms in Humans and Mice1
* Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Department of Embryogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, and
Department of Urology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Defensins comprise a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides that
are characterized by the presence of six conserved cysteine residues.
We identified two novel human 
-defensin (hBD) isoforms by mining the
public human genomic sequences. The predicted peptides conserve the
six-cysteine motif identical with hBD-4, termed hBD-5 and hBD-6. We
also evaluated the characteristics of the mouse homologs of hBD-5,
hBD-6, and HE21, termed mouse -defensin (mBD)-12, mBD-11, and
mouse EP2e (mEP2e). The mBD-12 synthetic peptide showed salt-dependent
antimicrobial activity. We demonstrate the epididymis-specific
expression pattern of hBD-5, hBD-6, mBD-11, mBD-12, and mEP2e. In situ
hybridization revealed mBD-11, mBD-12, and mEP2e expression in the
columnar epithelium of the caput epididymis, contrasting with the
predominant expression of mBD-3 in the capsule or septum of the whole
epididymis. In addition, the regional specificity of mBD-11, mBD-12,
and mEP2e was somewhat overlapping, but not identical, in the caput
epididymis, suggesting that specific regulation may work for each
member of the -defensin family. Our findings indicated that multiple
-defensin isoforms specifically and cooperatively contribute to the
innate immunity of the urogenital system.
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