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Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
Two types of opsonic phagocytosis have been defined depending on
the receptor engaged: Fc
Rs mediate type I phagocytosis of IgG-coated
particles; complement receptor 3 (CR3) mediates type II phagocytosis of
complement-coated particles. In addition to opsonic phagocytosis, CR3
also mediates nonopsonic phagocytosis of zymosan (Z) and
Mycobacterium kansasii through engagement of distinct
sites. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human
CR3, we studied CR3-mediated ingestion of nonopsonized particles, Z or
M. kansasii, compared with opsonized zymosan (OZ). We
show that 1) while OZ sinks into cells, Z is engulfed by pseudopodia as
visualized by electron microscopy; 2) in contrast to OZ, nonopsonic
phagocytosis of Z and M. kansasii depends on Rac and
Cdc42 but not on Rho activity; and 3) CR3-mediated phagocytosis of Z
depends on the kinase activity of the Src family tyrosine kinase Hck,
while OZ internalization does not. Therefore, CR3 mediates type I
phagocytosis under nonopsonic conditions and type II under opsonic
conditions. This is the first evidence that a single receptor can
mediate both types of phagocytosis depending on the ligand
used.
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