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The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 169: 1419-1425.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists

Antibodies Highly Effective in SCID Mice During Infection by the Intracellular Bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis Are of Picomolar Affinity and Exhibit Preferential Epitope and Isotype Utilization1

Julia Shu-yi Li*, Frederick Chu{dagger}, Andrew Reilly{dagger} and Gary M. Winslow2,*,{dagger}

* Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201; and {dagger} Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208

Although often considered to be ineffective against intracellular bacteria, Abs, in the absence of lymphocytes, have been shown previously to protect SCID mice from lethal infection by the obligate intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis, even when administered well after infection has been established. To identify characteristics of Abs that are critical for host defense during this intracellular infection, a panel of Ehrlichia-specific mAbs was generated and analyzed. Among 100 Abs recovered, 39 recognized an amino-terminal hypervariable region of an outer membrane protein (OMP), demonstrating that the OMPs are both antigenically variable and immunodominant. A subset of 16 representative OMP-specific Abs was further examined to identify characteristics that were essential for in vivo efficacy. The highly effective Abs recognized a linear epitope within the first hypervariable region of OMP-1g. Only IgG were found to be effective, and among the effective IgG, the following hierarchy was observed: IgG2a > IgG3 = IgG2b. The most striking characteristics of the highly effective Abs were their picomolar binding affinities and long binding t1/2. Thus, although epitope recognition and isotype use may contribute to efficacy, high affinity may be a critical characteristic of Abs that can act effectively during this intracellular bacterial infection.




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