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* Center for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, and
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Mice mounting an acute phase response, induced by sterile
inflammation after a single s.c. injection of casein 24 h
beforehand, were remarkably protected against lethal infection with
Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. This was associated with
enhanced early clearance of bacteremia, greater phagocytosis and
oxidative burst responses by neutrophils, and enhanced recruitment of
neutrophils into tissues compared with control, nonacute phase mice.
Casein-induced inflammation was also associated with increased
concentrations of G-CSF in serum, and administration of neutralizing Ab
to this cytokine completely abrogated protection against
Escherichia coli infection after casein pretreatment.
Injection of recombinant murine G-CSF between 3 and 24 h before
infection conferred the same protection as casein injection. In
contrast, the casein-induced acute phase response affected neither
serum values of TNF-
, IL-1
, or IL-6 after E. coli
infection nor susceptibility to LPS toxicity. Furthermore, protection
against infection was unaffected in IL-1R knockout mice, which have
deficient acute phase plasma protein responses, or after nonspecific
inhibition of acute phase protein synthesis by
D-galactosamine or specific depletion of complement C3 by
cobra venom factor. Increased production of G-CSF in the acute
phase response is thus a key physiological component of host defense,
and pretreatment with G-CSF to prevent bacterial infection in at-risk
patients now merits further study, especially in view of increasing
bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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