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Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
UVB irradiation can cause considerable changes in the composition
of cells in the skin and in cutaneous cytokine levels. We found that a
single exposure of normal human skin to UVB induced an infiltration of
numerous IL-4+ cells. This recruitment was detectable in
the papillary dermis already 5 h after irradiation, reaching a
peak at 24 h and declining gradually thereafter. The
IL-4+ cells appeared in the epidermis at 24 h
postradiation and reached a plateau at days 2 and 3. The number of
IL-4+ cells was markedly decreased in both dermis and
epidermis at day 4, and at later time points, the IL-4 expression was
absent. The IL-4+ cells did not coexpress CD3 (T cells),
tryptase (mast cells), CD56 (NK cells), and CD36 (macrophages). They
did coexpress CD15 and CD11b, showed a clear association with elastase,
and had a multilobed nucleus, indicating that UVB-induced infiltrating
IL-4+ cells are neutrophils. Blister fluid from irradiated
skin, but not from control skin, contained IL-4 protein as well as
increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-
. In contrast to control
cultures derived from nonirradiated skin, a predominant type 2 T cell
response was detected in T cells present in primary dermal cell
cultures derived from UVB-exposed skin. This type 2 shift was abolished
when CD15+ cells (i.e., neutrophils) were depleted from the
dermal cell suspension before culturing, suggesting that neutrophils
favor type 2 T cell responses in UVB-exposed
skin.
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