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The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 3557-3562.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists

Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile Activated by the CC Chemokine Ligand 5/RANTES and by Lipopolysaccharide in Human Monocytes1

Massimo Locati*, Ullrich Deuschle2,{dagger}, Maria L. Massardi{ddagger}, Fernando O. Martinez*, Marina Sironi§, Silvano Sozzani{ddagger},§, Tamas Bartfai3,{dagger} and Alberto Mantovani4,§

* Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; {dagger} Pharma Division, Preclinical Centre National Scientifique Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland; {ddagger} Department of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Section of General Pathology and Immunology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; § Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy

The gene expression profile induced by the CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 5/RANTES in human monocytes was examined using the oligonucleotide array technology. Of 5600 transcripts examined, 42 were consistently induced by CCL5, and none were suppressed. Chemokine-inducible transcripts could be clustered in functional groups, including selected cytokines and receptors (e.g., IL-1{beta}, CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and the CCL5 receptor CCR1) and molecules involved in extracellular matrix recognition and digestion (e.g., CD44 splice transcripts, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 , and MMP-19). Transcript expression, confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis for selected genes, was associated with protein induction for some (e.g., CCL2), but not all (e.g., IL-1{beta}), transcripts examined. The chemokine-induced gene profile was distinct from that activated by LPS, a prototypic phagocyte activator. Although certain transcripts were stimulated by both agonists (e.g., IL-1{beta} and CCL2), others were induced only by either LPS (e.g., TNF-{alpha} and IL-6) or CCL5 (e.g., MMP-19) or were divergently regulated (e.g., CCR1). Thus, CCL5, a prototypic CC inflammatory chemokine, activates a restricted transcriptional program in monocytes distinct from that induced by the prototypic pathogen-derived proinflammatory stimulant LPS. Chemokine-induced chemokines production could represent a novel amplification loop of leukocyte recruitment, while a subset of chemokine-inducible transcripts could be involved in monocyte extravasation and tissue invasion.




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