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The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 1519-1523.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists

Cutting Edge

Cutting Edge: Compartmentalization of Th1-Like Noninvariant CD1d-Reactive T Cells in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Liver

Mark A. Exley2,*, Qi He{dagger}, Olivia Cheng*, Ruo-Jie Wang*, Catherine P. Cheney{ddagger}, Steven P. Balk* and Margaret J. Koziel{dagger}

* Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology, {dagger} Infectious Diseases Division, and {ddagger} Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215

Murine intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHL) are dominated by invariant TCR {alpha}-chain expressing CD1d-reactive NKT cells, which can cause model hepatitis. Invariant NKT (CD56+/-CD161+) and recently identified noninvariant CD1d-reactive T cells rapidly produce large amounts of IL-4 and/or IFN-{gamma} and can regulate Th1/Th2 responses. Human liver contains large numbers of CD56+ NKT cells but few invariant NKT. Compared with matched peripheral blood T cell lines, primary IHL lines from patients with chronic hepatitis C had high levels of CD161 and CD1d reactivity, but the invariant TCR was rare. CD1d-reactive IHL were strikingly Th1 biased. IHL also demonstrated CD1d-specific cytotoxic activity. Hepatocytes and other liver cells express CD1d. These results identify a novel population of human T cells that could contribute to destructive as well as protective immune responses in the liver. CD1d-reactive T cells may have distinct roles in different tissues.




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