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Cell Death Promotes Priming of Diabetogenic CD8 T Lymphocytes1

,


Departments of
*
Medicine and
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Research Institute of Children and Womens Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
Department of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; and
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
CTLs are important mediators of pancreatic
cell destruction in
the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes.
Cross-presentation of Ag is one means of priming CTLs. The death of
Ag-bearing cells has been implicated in facilitating this mode of
priming. The role of
cell death in facilitating the onset of
spontaneous autoimmune diabetes is unknown. Here, we used an adoptive
transfer system to determine the time course of islet-derived Ag
presentation to naive
cell-specific CD8 T cells in nonobese
diabetic mice and to test the hypothesis that
cell death enhances
the presentation of
cell autoantigen. We have determined that
cell death enhances autoantigen presentation. Priming of diabetogenic
CD8 T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes was negligible before 4 wk,
progressively increased until 8 wk of age, and was not influenced by
gender. Administration of multiple low doses of the
cell toxin
streptozotocin augmented in situ
cell apoptosis and accelerated the
onset and magnitude of autoantigen presentation to naive CD8 T cells.
Increasing doses of streptozotocin resulted in both increased
pancreatic
cell death and significantly enhanced T cell priming.
These results indicate that in situ
cell death facilitates
autoantigen-specific CD8 T cell priming and can contribute to both the
initiation and the ongoing amplification of an autoimmune
response.
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