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RI/CD89 Circulates in Human Serum Covalently Linked to IgA in a Polymeric State1

*
Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
The FcR for IgA CD89/Fc
RI, is a type I receptor glycoprotein,
expressed on myeloid cells, with important immune effector functions.
In vitro CD89 can be released from CD89-expressing cells upon
activation. Little information is available on the existence of this
soluble molecule in vivo. Using specific and sensitive ELISA techniques
(detection limit 50 pg/ml), we were not able to detect circulating CD89
in human sera. However, using Western blotting, a 30-kDa soluble CD89
molecule was demonstrated in both serum and plasma. Moreover, using a
specific semiquantitative dot-blot system, we found CD89 in all human
sera tested (mean concentration 1900 ng/ml). Size fractionation of
human serum using gel filtration chromatography showed that the CD89
molecule was predominantly present in larger molecular mass
fractions. Direct complexes between IgA and CD89 were demonstrated by
anti-IgA affinity purification, and when analyzed under nonreducing
conditions appeared to be covalently linked. Size fractionation of
affinity-purified IgA showed the presence of soluble CD89 only in the
high molecular mass fractions of IgA, but not in monomeric IgA. High
molecular mass complexes of CD89-IgA could be distinguished from J
chain containing dimeric IgA. These data show that CD89 circulates in
complex with IgA, and suggest that CD89 might contribute to the
formation of polymeric serum IgA.
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