| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
*
Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
Chemicals Assessment Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Fukuoka, Japan
Progesterone may contribute to the maternal suppression of immunity to the fetus by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance. To clarify whether progesterone directly or indirectly affects T cell differentiation, we used two experimental systems with isolated T cells in vitro. In one system, isolated CD4+CD8+ thymocytes differentiated into Th1 and Th2 by two pulse stimulations with defined combinations of ionomycin and PMA followed by the treatment with IL-12, IL-4, and IL-2. In the second system, functional differentiation was induced in purified naive CD4 T cells with cytokines and Abs to CD3 and CD28. In both systems, progesterone added with cytokines suppressed Th1 development at concentrations associated with pregnancy, but enhanced the development of IL-10-producing Th2 cells. Because IL-10 is known to inhibit APC production of IL-12, Th1 development may be also suppressed indirectly by progesterone. However, progesterone failed to enhance IL-10 production in the absence of IL-12. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 inhibited Th1 development and enhanced Th2 development, as did progesterone, indicating that p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways are involved in Th1 development. However, the progesterone effects may not be simply due to a modulation of MAPK activities, because the inhibitor did not significantly affect the development of IL-10-producing cells in the presence or absence of progesterone. Glucocorticoids exerted effects similar to those of progesterone on Th1/Th2 development even at lower concentrations. These results suggest that progesterone as well as glucocorticoids directly inhibit Th1 development and enhance Th2 development.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Zhao, Z. Lei, Y. Liu, B. Li, L. Zhang, H. Fang, C. Song, X. Wang, G.-M. Zhang, Z.-H. Feng, et al. Human Pregnancy Up-Regulates Tim-3 in Innate Immune Cells for Systemic Immunity J. Immunol., May 15, 2009; 182(10): 6618 - 6624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Liberman, J. Druker, D. Refojo, F. Holsboer, and E. Arzt Glucocorticoids inhibit GATA-3 phosphorylation and activity in T cells FASEB J, May 1, 2009; 23(5): 1558 - 1571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.H. Chien, J.N. Lai, C.F. Liao, O.Y. Wang, L.M. Lu, M.I. Huang, W.F. Lee, M.C. Shie, and E.J. Chien Mifepristone acts as progesterone antagonist of non-genomic responses but inhibits phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation in human T cells Hum. Reprod., April 28, 2009; (2009) dep099v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Fraccaroli, J. Alfieri, L. Larocca, M. Calafat, G. Mor, C. P. Leiros, and R. Ramhorst A potential tolerogenic immune mechanism in a trophoblast cell line through the activation of chemokine-induced T cell death and regulatory T cell modulation Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2009; 24(1): 166 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Tait, C. L. Butts, and E. M. Sternberg The role of glucocorticoids and progestins in inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious disease J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2008; 84(4): 924 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C Dosiou, A E Hamilton, Y Pang, M T Overgaard, S Tulac, J Dong, P Thomas, and L C Giudice Expression of membrane progesterone receptors on human T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells and activation of G-proteins by progesterone J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2008; 196(1): 67 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-L. Lin, Y.-C. Liang, and B.-L. Chiang Placental growth factor down-regulates type 1 T helper immune response by modulating the function of dendritic cells J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2007; 82(6): 1473 - 1480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G Lea and O. Sandra Immunoendocrine aspects of endometrial function and implantation Reproduction, September 1, 2007; 134(3): 389 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. P. L. de Oliveira, H. V. Domingos, G. Cavriani, A. S. Damazo, A. L. dos Santos Franco, S. M. Oliani, R. M. Oliveira-Filho, B. B. Vargaftig, and W. T. de Lima Cellular recruitment and cytokine generation in a rat model of allergic lung inflammation are differentially modulated by progesterone and estradiol Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): C1120 - C1128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Flaster, J. Bernhagen, T. Calandra, and R. Bucala The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-Glucocorticoid Dyad: Regulation of Inflammation and Immunity Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2007; 21(6): 1267 - 1280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Thapa, W. A. Kuziel, and D. J. J. Carr Susceptibility of CCR5-Deficient Mice to Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is Linked to NK Cell Mobilization J. Virol., April 15, 2007; 81(8): 3704 - 3713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Jirmanova, D. Jankovic, A. J. Fornace Jr., and J. D. Ashwell Gadd45{alpha} Regulates p38-Dependent Dendritic Cell Cytokine Production and Th1 Differentiation J. Immunol., April 1, 2007; 178(7): 4153 - 4158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Liberman, D. Refojo, J. Druker, M. Toscano, T. Rein, F. Holsboer, and E. Arzt The activated glucocorticoid receptor inhibits the transcription factor T-bet by direct protein-protein interaction FASEB J, April 1, 2007; 21(4): 1177 - 1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Butts, S. A. Shukair, K. M. Duncan, E. Bowers, C. Horn, E. Belyavskaya, L. Tonelli, and E. M. Sternberg Progesterone inhibits mature rat dendritic cells in a receptor-mediated fashion Int. Immunol., March 1, 2007; 19(3): 287 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Y. Zhang and R. A. Daynes Glucocorticoid Conditioning of Myeloid Progenitors Enhances TLR4 Signaling via Negative Regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway J. Immunol., February 15, 2007; 178(4): 2517 - 2526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Cannarile, F. Fallarino, M. Agostini, S. Cuzzocrea, E. Mazzon, C. Vacca, T. Genovese, G. Migliorati, E. Ayroldi, and C. Riccardi Increased GILZ expression in transgenic mice up-regulates Th-2 lymphokines Blood, February 1, 2006; 107(3): 1039 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Sharma, M. Delgado, and D. Ganea Granzyme B, a New Player in Activation-Induced Cell Death, Is Down-Regulated by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Th2 but Not Th1 Effectors J. Immunol., January 1, 2006; 176(1): 97 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Stock, O. Akbari, R. H. DeKruyff, and D. T. Umetsu Respiratory Tolerance Is Inhibited by the Administration of Corticosteroids J. Immunol., December 1, 2005; 175(11): 7380 - 7387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Freeman, M. Hewison, S. V. Hughes, K. N. Evans, D. Hardie, T. K. Means, and R. Chakraverty Expression of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 permits regulation of glucocorticoid bioavailability by human dendritic cells Blood, September 15, 2005; 106(6): 2042 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. D. Salazar, P. de la Rosa, J. B. Barnett, and R. Schafer The Polysaccharide Antibody Response after Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination Is Differentially Enhanced or Suppressed by 3,4-Dichloropropionanilide and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2005; 87(1): 123 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kelschenbach, R. A. Barke, and S. Roy Morphine Withdrawal Contributes to Th Cell Differentiation by Biasing Cells Toward the Th2 Lineage J. Immunol., August 15, 2005; 175(4): 2655 - 2665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kawana, Y. Kawana, and D. J. Schust Female Steroid Hormones Use Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Protein-Mediated Pathways to Modulate the Expression of T-bet in Epithelial Cells: A Mechanism for Local Immune Regulation in the Human Reproductive Tract Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 19(8): 2047 - 2059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. J. Carr, L. Tomanek, R. H. Silverman, I. L. Campbell, and B. R. G. Williams RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Required for Alpha-1 Interferon Transgene-Induced Resistance to Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 J. Virol., July 15, 2005; 79(14): 9341 - 9345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Dosiou and L. C. Giudice Natural Killer Cells in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Endocrine and Immunologic Perspectives Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2005; 26(1): 44 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Y. Zhang, X. Ding, and R. A. Daynes The Expression of 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I by Lymphocytes Provides a Novel Means for Intracrine Regulation of Glucocorticoid Activities J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 879 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Newton, T. Lu, S. J. Nazian, I. Perkins, H. Friedman, and T. W. Klein The THC-induced suppression of Th1 polarization in response to Legionella pneumophila infection is not mediated by increases in corticosterone and PGE2 J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2004; 76(4): 854 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Delgado, D. Pozo, and D. Ganea The Significance of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Immunomodulation Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2004; 56(2): 249 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Wiley, M. Cwiartka, D. Alvarez, D. C. Mackenzie, J. R. Johnson, S. Goncharova, L. Lundblad, and M. Jordana Transient Corticosteroid Treatment Permanently Amplifies the Th2 Response in a Murine Model of Asthma J. Immunol., April 15, 2004; 172(8): 4995 - 5005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. T. MERCHANT, W. PITIPHAT, B. AHMED, I. KAWACHI, and K. JOSHIPURA A prospective study of social support, anger expression and risk of periodontitis in men J Am Dent Assoc, December 1, 2003; 134(12): 1591 - 1596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Klein, C. Newton, K. Larsen, L. Lu, I. Perkins, L. Nong, and H. Friedman The cannabinoid system and immune modulation J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2003; 74(4): 486 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. De Bosscher, W. Vanden Berghe, and G. Haegeman The Interplay between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B or Activator Protein-1: Molecular Mechanisms for Gene Repression Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2003; 24(4): 488 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Iwata, Y. Eshima, and H. Kagechika Retinoic acids exert direct effects on T cells to suppress Th1 development and enhance Th2 development via retinoic acid receptors Int. Immunol., August 1, 2003; 15(8): 1017 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Jones, X. Ding, T. Y. Zhang, and R. A. Daynes Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {alpha} Negatively Regulates T-bet Transcription Through Suppression of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation J. Immunol., July 1, 2003; 171(1): 196 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Levin and D. Karussis Influence of progesterone and clomiphene on Tolosa-Hunt syndrome Neurology, November 26, 2002; 59(10): 1661 - 1662. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Luppi, C. Haluszczak, D. Betters, C. A. H. Richard, M. Trucco, and J. A. DeLoia Monocytes are progressively activated in the circulation of pregnant women J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2002; 72(5): 874 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
