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*
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
We have examined the generation of CTL immunity immediately after localized footpad infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) using three coordinated in vivo T cell tracking methodologies. Tetrameric MHC class I containing the immunodominant peptide from HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) showed that after infection the proportion of Ag-specific T cells peaked at day 5 within draining popliteal lymph nodes and 2 days later in the spleen. Preferential expression of the activation marker CD25 by tetramer-positive cells in draining popliteal nodes but not spleen suggested that gB-specific T cells were initially activated within the lymph node. In vivo cytotoxicity assays showed that Ag-specific effector cells were present within the draining lymph nodes as early as day 2 after infection, with a further 2-day lag before detection in the spleen. Consistent with the very early arming of effector CTL in the draining lymph node, adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled gB-specific transgenic T cells showed that they had undergone one to four rounds of cell division by day 2 after infection. In contrast, proliferating T cells were first detected in appreciable numbers in the spleen on day 4, at which time they had undergone extensive cell division. These data demonstrate that HSV-1-specific T cells are rapidly activated and armed within draining lymph nodes shortly after localized HSV-1 infection. This is followed by their dissemination to other compartments such as the spleen, where they further proliferate in an Ag-independent fashion.
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A. van Lint, M. Ayers, A. G. Brooks, R. M. Coles, W. R. Heath, and F. R. Carbone Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Can Clear Established Lytic Infections from Skin and Nerves and Can Partially Limit the Early Spread of Virus after Cutaneous Inoculation J. Immunol., January 1, 2004; 172(1): 392 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Benlhassan-Chahour, C. Penit, V. Dioszeghy, F. Vasseur, G. Janvier, Y. Riviere, N. Dereuddre-Bosquet, D. Dormont, R. Le Grand, and B. Vaslin Kinetics of Lymphocyte Proliferation during Primary Immune Response in Macaques Infected with Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251: Preliminary Report of the Effect of Early Antiviral Therapy J. Virol., December 1, 2003; 77(23): 12479 - 12493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Ploss, G. Lauvau, B. Contos, K. M. Kerksiek, P. D. Guirnalda, I. Leiner, L. L. Lenz, M. J. Bevan, and E. G. Pamer Promiscuity of MHC Class Ib-Restricted T Cell Responses J. Immunol., December 1, 2003; 171(11): 5948 - 5955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Pellegrini, G. Belz, P. Bouillet, and A. Strasser Shutdown of an acute T cell immune response to viral infection is mediated by the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein Bim PNAS, November 25, 2003; 100(24): 14175 - 14180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Curtsinger, C. M. Johnson, and M. F. Mescher CD8 T Cell Clonal Expansion and Development of Effector Function Require Prolonged Exposure to Antigen, Costimulation, and Signal 3 Cytokine J. Immunol., November 15, 2003; 171(10): 5165 - 5171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. D. Luker, J. L. Prior, J. Song, C. M. Pica, and D. A. Leib Bioluminescence Imaging Reveals Systemic Dissemination of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in the Absence of Interferon Receptors J. Virol., October 15, 2003; 77(20): 11082 - 11093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Smith, G. T. Belz, N. S. Wilson, J. A. Villadangos, K. Shortman, F. R. Carbone, and W. R. Heath Cutting Edge: Conventional CD8{alpha}+ Dendritic Cells Are Preferentially Involved in CTL Priming After Footpad Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 J. Immunol., May 1, 2003; 170(9): 4437 - 4440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. W. Marten, S. A. Stohlman, J. Zhou, and C. C. Bergmann Kinetics of Virus-Specific CD8+-T-Cell Expansion and Trafficking following Central Nervous System Infection J. Virol., February 15, 2003; 77(4): 2775 - 2778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. M. Gray, G. D. Parks, and M. A. Alexander-Miller High Avidity CD8+ T Cells Are the Initial Population Elicited Following Viral Infection of the Respiratory Tract J. Immunol., January 1, 2003; 170(1): 174 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. N. Mueller, C. M. Jones, C. M. Smith, W. R. Heath, and F. R. Carbone Rapid Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activation Occurs in the Draining Lymph Nodes After Cutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection as a Result of Early Antigen Presentation and Not the Presence of Virus J. Exp. Med., March 4, 2002; 195(5): 651 - 656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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