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*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Hazardous Substances DB
*PROSTAGLANDIN F2ALPHA
The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 6232-6243.
Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Immunologists

Prostaglandin D2 and Its Metabolites Induce Caspase-Dependent Granulocyte Apoptosis That Is Mediated Via Inhibition of I{kappa}B{alpha} Degradation Using a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}-Independent Mechanism1

Carol Ward*, Ian Dransfield*, Joanna Murray*, Stuart N. Farrow{dagger}, Christopher Haslett* and Adriano G. Rossi2,*

* Rayne Laboratory, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Medical Research Council Center for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and {dagger} Cell Biology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom

Many inflammatory mediators retard granulocyte apoptosis. Most natural PGs studied herein (e.g., PGE2, PGA2, PGA1, PGF2{alpha}) either delayed apoptosis or had no effect, whereas PGD2 and its metabolite PGJ2 selectively induced eosinophil, but not neutrophil apoptosis. This novel proapoptotic effect does not appear to be mediated via classical PG receptor ligation or by elevation of intracellular cAMP or Ca2+. Intriguingly, the sequential metabolites {Delta}12PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-{Delta}12, {Delta}14-PGJ2 (15dPGJ2) induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in both granulocytes, an effect that did not involve de novo protein synthesis. Despite the fact that {Delta}12PGJ2 and 15dPGJ2 are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} (PPAR-{gamma}) activators, apoptosis was not mimicked by synthetic PPAR-{gamma} and PPAR-{alpha} ligands or blocked by an irreversible PPAR-{gamma} antagonist. Furthermore, {Delta}12PGJ2 and 15dPGJ2 inhibited LPS-induced I{kappa}B{alpha} degradation and subsequent inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis, suggesting that apoptosis is mediated via PPAR-{gamma}-independent inhibition of NF-{kappa}B activation. In addition, we show that TNF-{alpha}-mediated loss of cytoplasmic I{kappa}B{alpha} in eosinophils is inhibited by 15dPGJ2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective induction of eosinophil apoptosis by PGD2 and PGJ2 may help define novel therapeutic pathways in diseases in which it would be desirable to specifically remove eosinophils but retain neutrophils for antibacterial host defense. The powerful proapoptotic effects of {Delta}12PGJ2 and 15dPGJ2 in both granulocyte types suggest that these natural products control the longevity of key inflammatory cells and may be relevant to understanding the control and resolution of inflammation.




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