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Departments of
* Dermatology and
Neurology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
The sympathetic nervous system modulates immune function at a
number of levels. Within the epidermis, APCs (Langerhans cells (LC))
are frequently anatomically associated with peripheral nerves.
Furthermore, some neuropeptides have been shown to regulate LC
Ag-presenting function. We explored the expression of adrenergic
receptors (AR) in murine LC and assessed their functional role on Ag
presentation and modulation of cutaneous immune responses. Both
purified LC and the LC-like cell lines XS52-4D and XS106 expressed mRNA
for the ARs 
1A and 
2. XS106 cells and
purified LC also expressed 1-AR mRNA. Treatment of
murine epidermal cell preparations with epinephrine (EPI) or
norepinephrine inhibited Ag presentation in vitro. Furthermore,
pretreatment of epidermal cells with EPI or norepinephrine in vitro
suppressed the ability of these cells to present Ag for elicitation of
delayed-type hypersensitivity in previously immunized mice. This effect
was blocked by use of the 2-adrenergic antagonist
ICI 118,551 but not by the -antagonist phentolamine. Local
intradermal injection of EPI inhibited the induction of contact
hypersensitivity to epicutaneously administered haptens. Surprisingly,
injection of EPI at a distant site also suppressed induction of contact
hypersensitivity. Thus, catecholamines may have both local and systemic
effects. We conclude that specific ARs are expressed on LC and that
signaling through these receptors can decrease epidermal immune
reactions.
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