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Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease1

* Mucosal Immunology Group, First Department of Medicine, and
Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)Crohns disease and ulcerative
colitisare relapsing chronic inflammatory disorders which involve
genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The regulation of
TNF-
, a key mediator in the inflammatory process in IBD, is
interconnected with mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. The aim
of this study was to characterize the activity and expression of the
four p38 subtypes (p38
), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and
the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 in the inflamed
intestinal mucosa. Western blot analysis revealed that p38
, JNKs,
and ERK1/2 were significantly activated in IBD, with p38
showing the
most pronounced increase in kinase activity. Protein expression of p38
and JNK was only moderately altered in IBD patients compared with
normal controls, whereas ERK1/2 protein was significantly
down-regulated. Immunohistochemical analysis of inflamed mucosal
biopsies localized the main expression of p38
to lamina propria
macrophages and neutrophils. ELISA screening of the supernatants of
Crohns disease mucosal biopsy cultures showed that incubation with
the p38 inhibitor SB 203580 significantly reduced secretion of TNF-
.
In vivo inhibition of TNF-
by a single infusion of anti-TNF-
Ab (infliximab) resulted in a highly significant transient increase of
p38
activity during the first 48 h after infusion. A
significant infliximab-dependent p38
activation was also observed in
THP-1 myelomonocytic cells. In human monocytes, infliximab enhanced
TNF-
gene expression, which could be inhibited by SB 203580. In
conclusion, p38
signaling is involved in the pathophysiology of
IBD.
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