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Immune Responses to Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins: Antigen-Dependent Distinct B Cell Epitope Spreading Patterns in Mice Immunized with Recombinant Polypeptides of Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins¹

Umesh S. Deshmukh^2,*, Carol C. Kannapell^* and Shu Man Fu^*,

^* Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and University of Virginia Specialized Center of Research in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Department of Microbiology and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908.

Complex patterns of autoantibody reactivities with the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are observed in systemic lupus erythematosus. To investigate the role of individual snRNP components in the initiation and diversification of anti-snRNP Ab responses, we immunized A/J mice with recombinant Smith D (SmD), Smith B (SmB), and A ribonucleoprotein (A-RNP) with alum as adjuvant. Sera at different time points after initial immunizations were analyzed by Western blot and immunoprecipitation assays. In SmD-immunized mice, specific Abs to A-RNP and SmB were generated by 2 mo postimmunization, in addition to the detection of cross-reactive Abs between the immunogen and other snRNPs. Whereas Abs reactive with the immunogen decreased by 5 mo, Abs capable of immunoprecipitating A-RNP and SmB increased. In SmB-immunized mice, specific Abs to A-RNP were readily detectable, in addition to cross-reactive Abs. In contrast, A-RNP-immunized mice had only cross-reactive Abs to SmB without detectable Abs to SmD. However, in these mice, specific Abs to the 70-kDa protein were generated. Abs, which precipitated the native snRNP particle, were generated in all three groups of the immunized mice. Our results show that different initiating Ags from the same multiprotein antigenic complex induce distinct patterns of epitope spreading to proteins within that complex. These data have significant implications for the mechanisms of autoantibody diversification in systemic lupus erythematosus.

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