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* Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
Department of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486; and
Section of Immunobiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
Targeted disruption of either c-Src or TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in mice causes osteoclast dysfunction and an osteopetrotic phenotype, suggesting that both molecules play important roles in osteoclastic bone resorption. We previously demonstrated that IL-1 induces actin ring formation and osteoclast activation. In this study, we examined the relationship between IL-1/TRAF6-dependent and c-Src-mediated pathways in the activation of osteoclast-like cells (prefusion cells (pOCs); multinucleated cells) formed in the murine coculture system. In normal pOCs, IL-1 induces actin ring formation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas, a known substrate of c-Src. However, in Src-deficient pOCs, p130Cas was not tyrosine phosphorylated following IL-1 treatment. In normal pOCs treated with IL-1, anti-TRAF6 Abs coprecipitate p130Cas, protein tyrosine kinase 2, and c-Src. In Src-deficient pOCs, this molecular complex was not detected, suggesting that c-Src is required for formation of the TRAF6, p130Cas, and protein tyrosine kinase 2 complex. Moreover, an immunocytochemical analysis revealed that in osteoclast-like multinucleated cells, IL-1 induced redistribution of TRAF6 to actin ring structures formed at the cell periphery, where TRAF6 also colocalized with c-Src. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1 signals feed into the tyrosine kinase pathways through a TRAF6-Src molecular complex, which regulates the cytoskeletal reorganization essential for osteoclast activation.
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