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T Lymphocytes: Strong Expression of CCR5 Is a Selective Feature of V2/V9 T Cells1
* Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and
Forschungszentrum Borstel, Laborgruppe Biologische Chemie, Borstel, Germany
T lymphocytes play an important role in the immune defense
against infection, based on the unique reactivity of human V2V9
T cells toward bacterial phosphoantigens. Chemokines and their
corresponding receptors orchestrate numerous cellular reactions,
including leukocyte migration, activation, and degranulation. In this
study we investigated the expression of various receptors for
inflammatory and homeostatic chemokines on peripheral blood T
cells and compared their expression patterns with those on 
T
cells. Although several of the analyzed receptors (including CCR6,
CCR7, CXCR4, and CXCR5) were not differentially expressed on vs
T cells, T cells expressed strongly increased levels of
the RANTES/macrophage inflammatory protein-1/-1 receptor CCR5 and
also enhanced levels of CCR1–3 and CXCR1–3. CCR5 expression was
restricted to V2 T cells, while the minor subset of V1
T cells preferentially expressed CXCR1. Stimulation with
heat-killed extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
down-modulated cell surface expression of CCR5 on T cells in a
macrophage-dependent manner, while synthetic phosphoantigen isopentenyl
pyrophosphate and CCR5 ligands directly triggered CCR5 down-modulation
on T cells. The functionality of chemokine receptors CCR5 and
CXCR3 on T cells was demonstrated by Ca2+
mobilization and chemotactic response to the respective chemokines. Our
results identify high level expression of CCR5 as a characteristic and
selective feature of circulating V2 T cells, which is in line
with their suspected function as Th1 effector T
cells.
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