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Promote Priming of Antigen-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T Lymphocytes by Immunostimulatory DNA-Based Vaccines1







* Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Cornell Medical Center, and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; and
Department of Internal Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
Immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) DNA containing unmethylated CpG
dinucleotides stimulate NK and APC to secrete proinflammatory
cytokines, including IFN-
and -
, TNF-
, and IL-6 and -12,
and to express costimulatory surface molecules such as CD40, B7-1, and
B7-2. Although ISS DNA has little direct effect on T cells by these
criteria, immunization of wild-type mice with ISS DNA and OVA results
in Ag-specific CTL and Th1-type T helper activity. This investigation
examines the mechanisms by which ISS DNA primes CD8+ and
CD4+ lymphocyte activities. In this report we demonstrate
that ISS DNA regulates the expression of costimulatory molecules and
TAP via a novel autocrine or paracrine IFN-
pathway. Coordinated
regulation of B7 costimulation and TAP-dependent cross-presentation
results in priming of Ag-specific CD8+ CTL, whereas CD40,
B7, and IL-12 costimulation is required for priming of CD4+
Th cells by ISS-based vaccines.
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