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-Induced Lymphocyte Actomyosin and Microtubular Organization and Chemotaxis1

*
Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and
Department of Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
The possible involvement of the Rho-p160ROCK (Rho coiled-coil
kinase) pathway in the signaling induced by the chemokine
Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1
has been studied in human
PBL. SDF-1
induced activation of RhoA, but not that of Rac. RhoA
activation was followed by p160ROCK activation mediated by RhoA, which
led to myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, which was dependent on
RhoA and p160ROCK activities. The kinetics of MLC activation was
similar to that of RhoA and p160ROCK. The role of this cascade in
overall cell morphology and functional responses to the chemokine was
examined employing different chemical inhibitors. Inhibition of either
RhoA or p160ROCK did not block SDF-1
-induced short-term actin
polymerization, but induced the formation of long spikes arising from
the cell body, which were found to be microtubule based. This
morphological change was associated with an increase in microtubule
instability, which argues for an active microtubule polymerization in
the formation of these spikes. Inhibition of the Rho-p160ROCK-MLC
kinase signaling cascade at different steps blocked lymphocyte
migration and the chemotaxis induced by SDF-1
. Our results indicate
that the Rho-p160ROCK axis plays a pivotal role in the control of the
cell shape as a step before lymphocyte migration toward a chemotactic
gradient.
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