| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
To assess polymorphism and variation in human and chimpanzee NK complex genes, we determined the coding-region sequences for CD94 and NKG2A, C, D, E, and F from several human (Homo sapiens) donors and common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). CD94 is highly conserved, while the NKG2 genes exhibit some polymorphism. For all the genes, alternative mRNA splicing variants were frequent among the clones obtained by RT-PCR. Alternative splicing acts similarly in human and chimpanzee to produce the CD94B variant from the CD94 gene and the NKG2B variant from the NKG2A gene. Whereas single chimpanzee orthologs for CD94, NKG2A, NKG2E, and NKG2F were identified, two chimpanzee paralogs of the human NKG2C gene were defined. The chimpanzee Pt-NKG2CI gene encodes a protein similar to human NKG2C, whereas in the chimpanzee Pt-NKG2CII gene the translation frame changes near the beginning of the carbohydrate recognition domain, causing premature termination. Analysis of a panel of chimpanzee NK cell clones showed that Pt-NKG2CI and Pt-NKG2CII are independently and clonally expressed. Pt-NKG2CI and Pt-NKG2CII are equally diverged from human NKG2C, indicating that they arose by gene duplication subsequent to the divergence of chimpanzee and human ancestors. Genomic DNA from 80 individuals representing six primate species were typed for the presence of CD94 and NKG2. Each species gave distinctive typing patterns, with NKG2A and CD94 being most conserved. Seven different NK complex genotypes within the panel of 48 common chimpanzees were due to differences in Pt-NKG2C and Pt-NKG2D genes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. J. Petrie, C. S. Clements, J. Lin, L. C. Sullivan, D. Johnson, T. Huyton, A. Heroux, H. L. Hoare, T. Beddoe, H. H. Reid, et al. CD94-NKG2A recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E bound to an HLA class I leader sequence J. Exp. Med., March 17, 2008; 205(3): 725 - 735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Yu, G. Heller, J. Chewning, S. Kim, W. M. Yokoyama, and K. C. Hsu Hierarchy of the Human Natural Killer Cell Response Is Determined by Class and Quantity of Inhibitory Receptors for Self-HLA-B and HLA-C Ligands J. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 179(9): 5977 - 5989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Averdam, H. Kuhl, M. Sontag, T. Becker, A. L. Hughes, R. Reinhardt, and L. Walter Genomics and Diversity of the Common Marmoset Monkey NK Complex J. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 178(11): 7151 - 7161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Karimi, T. M. Cao, J. A. Baker, M. R. Verneris, L. Soares, and R. S. Negrin Silencing Human NKG2D, DAP10, and DAP12 Reduces Cytotoxicity of Activated CD8+ T Cells and NK Cells J. Immunol., December 15, 2005; 175(12): 7819 - 7828. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. P. Williams, A. R. Bateman, and S. I. Khakoo HANGING IN THE BALANCE: KIR and Their Role in Disease Mol. Interv., August 1, 2005; 5(4): 226 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. G. de Groot, C. A. Garcia, E. J. Verschoor, G. G. M. Doxiadis, S. G. E. Marsh, N. Otting, and R. E. Bontrop Reduced MIC Gene Repertoire Variation in West African Chimpanzees as Compared to Humans Mol. Biol. Evol., June 1, 2005; 22(6): 1375 - 1385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Han, M. Zhang, N. Li, T. Chen, Y. Zhang, T. Wan, and X. Cao KLRL1, a novel killer cell lectinlike receptor, inhibits natural killer cell cytotoxicity Blood, November 1, 2004; 104(9): 2858 - 2866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Miyashita, N. Tsuchiya, K. Hikami, K. Kuroki, T. Fukazawa, M. Bijl, C. G. M. Kallenberg, H. Hashimoto, T. Yabe, and K. Tokunaga Molecular genetic analyses of human NKG2C (KLRC2) gene deletion Int. Immunol., January 1, 2004; 16(1): 163 - 168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Rabinovich, J. Li, J. Shannon, R. Hurren, J. Chalupny, D. Cosman, and R. G. Miller Activated, But Not Resting, T Cells Can Be Recognized and Killed by Syngeneic NK Cells J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3572 - 3576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Guethlein, L. R. Flodin, E. J. Adams, and P. Parham NK Cell Receptors of the Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): A Pivotal Species for Tracking the Coevolution of Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptors with MHC-C J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 220 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. G. Shilling, N. Young, L. A. Guethlein, N. W. Cheng, C. M. Gardiner, D. Tyan, and P. Parham Genetic Control of Human NK Cell Repertoire J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 239 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
