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* Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
Department of Pathology and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
Bloodfeeding arthropods transmit many of the world’s most serious infectious diseases. Leishmania are transmitted to their mammalian hosts when an infected sandfly probes in the skin for a bloodmeal and injects the parasite mixed with its saliva. Arthropod saliva contains molecules that affect blood flow and modulate the immune response of the host. Indeed, sandfly saliva markedly enhances the infectivity of L. major for its host. If the salivary molecule(s) responsible for this phenomenon was identified, it might be possible to vaccinate the host against this molecule and thereby protect the host against infection with Leishmania. Such an approach represents a novel means of controlling arthropod-borne disease transmission. Here, we report that a single molecule, maxadilan, in sandfly saliva can exacerbate infection with L. major to the same degree as whole saliva, and that vaccinating against maxadilan protects mice against infection with L. major.
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