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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 5217-5225.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Direct Ex Vivo Analysis of Antigen-Specific IFN-{gamma}-Secreting CD4 T Cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Individuals: Associations with Clinical Disease State and Effect of Treatment1

Ansar A. Pathan*, Katalin A. Wilkinson*, Paul Klenerman*, Helen McShane*, Robert N. Davidson{dagger}, Geoffrey Pasvol{dagger}, Adrian V. S. Hill* and Ajit Lalvani2,*

* Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; and {dagger} Wellcome Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom

The wide spectrum of clinical outcomes following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is largely determined by the host immune response; therefore, we studied several clinically defined groups of individuals (n = 120) that differ in their ability to contain the bacillus. To quantitate M. tuberculosis-specific T cells directly ex vivo, we enumerated IFN-{gamma}-secreting CD4 T cells specific for ESAT-6, a secreted Ag that is highly specific for M. tuberculosis, and a target of protective immune responses in animal models. We found that frequencies of circulating ESAT-6 peptide-specific IFN-{gamma}-secreting CD4 T cells were higher in latently infected healthy contacts and subjects with minimal disease and low bacterial burdens than in patients with culture-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, respectively). Importantly, the frequency of these Ag-specific CD4 T cells fell progressively in all groups with treatment (p = 0.005), suggesting that the lower responses in patients with more extensive disease were not due to tuberculosis-induced immune suppression. This population of M. tuberculosis Ag-specific Th1-type CD4 T cells appears to correlate with clinical phenotype and declines during successful therapy; these features are consistent with a role for these T cells in the containment of M. tuberculosis in vivo. Such findings may assist in the design and evaluation of novel tuberculosis vaccine candidates.




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