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* Hart and Louise Lyon Laboratory, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1680
Epidemiological studies have suggested increased prevalence of
atopy in children of maternal smokers. Although secondhand smoke or
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to augment allergic
responses, its role in atopic sensitization is still controversial. We
studied whether ETS could initiate a Th2 response and thus induce
primary allergic sensitization. Mice were exposed for 10 consecutive
days to either 1% aerosolized OVA, ETS (5 cigarettes), or both ETS and
OVA. C57BL/6 mice receiving both ETS and OVA developed OVA-specific IgE
and IgG1, 12, 14, and 25 days after the initial exposure, whereas those
receiving OVA alone did not. Thirty days after the initial challenge
(20 days after its completion), mice were re-exposed to OVA.
Bronchoalveolar lavage performed 24 h later revealed an influx of
eosinophils in the group initially challenged with both ETS and OVA,
but not in those exposed to ETS alone or OVA alone. Increases in IL-5,
GM-CSF, and IL-2 were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage from this
OVA/ETS-exposed group, whereas IFN-
levels were significantly
inhibited. These results suggest that ETS can induce allergic
sensitization to a normally harmless Ag, and they may explain why
secondhand smoke is a major risk factor for the development of allergy
in children.
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