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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 4046-4050.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Loss of IFN-{gamma} Production by Invariant NK T Cells in Advanced Cancer1

Syed Muhammad Ali Tahir*, Olivia Cheng*, Angela Shaulov*, Yasuhiko Koezuka{dagger}, Glenn J. Bubley*, S. Brian Wilson{ddagger}, Steven P. Balk2,* and Mark A. Exley2,*

* Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; {dagger} Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery, Gunma, Japan; and {ddagger} Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115

Invariant NK T cells express certain NK cell receptors and an invariant TCR{alpha} chain specific for the MHC class I-like CD1d protein. These invariant NK T cells can regulate diverse immune responses in mice, including antitumor responses, through mechanisms including rapid production of IL-4 and IFN-{gamma}, but their physiological functions remain uncertain. Invariant NK T cells were markedly decreased in peripheral blood from advanced prostate cancer patients, and their ex vivo expansion with a CD1d-presented lipid Ag ({alpha}-galactosylceramide) was diminished compared with healthy donors. Invariant NK T cells from healthy donors produced high levels of both IFN-{gamma} and IL-4. In contrast, whereas invariant NK T cells from prostate cancer patients also produced IL-4, they had diminished IFN-{gamma} production and a striking decrease in their IFN-{gamma}:IL-4 ratio. The IFN-{gamma} deficit was specific to the invariant NK T cells, as bulk T cells from prostate cancer patients produced normal levels of IFN-{gamma} and IL-4. These findings support an immunoregulatory function for invariant NK T cells in humans mediated by differential production of Th1 vs Th2 cytokines. They further indicate that antitumor responses may be suppressed by the marked Th2 bias of invariant NK T cells in advanced cancer patients.




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