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Is a Dominant Factor Directing T Cells into Murine Cardiac Allografts During Acute Rejection1




,
*
Urological Institute and
Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195;
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
The use of chemokine antagonism as a strategy to inhibit leukocyte
trafficking into inflammatory sites requires identification of the
dominant chemokines mediating recruitment. The chemokine(s) directing T
cells into cardiac allografts during acute rejection remain(s)
unidentified. The role of the CXC chemokines IFN-
inducible protein
10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFN-
(Mig) in acute rejection of
A/J (H-2a) cardiac grafts by C57BL/6 (H-2b)
recipients was tested. Intra-allograft expression of Mig was observed
at day 2 posttransplant and increased to the time of rejection at day 7
posttransplant. IP-10 mRNA and protein production were 2.5- to 8-fold
lower than Mig. Whereas allografts were rejected at day 79 in control
recipients, treatment with rabbit antiserum to Mig, but not to IP-10,
prolonged allograft survival up to day 19 posttransplant. At day 7
posttransplant, allografts from Mig antiserum-treated recipients had
marked reduction in T cell infiltration. At the time of rejection in
Mig antiserum-treated recipients (i.e., days 1719), intra-allograft
expression of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1
, -1
, and their
ligand CCR5 was high, whereas expression of CXCR3, the Mig receptor,
was virtually absent. Mig was produced by the allograft endothelium as
well as by recipient allograft-infiltrating macrophages and
neutrophils, indicating the synergistic interactions between innate and
adaptive immune compartments during acute rejection. Collectively,
these results indicate that Mig is a dominant recruiting factor for
alloantigen-primed T cells into cardiac allografts during acute
rejection. Although Mig antagonism delays acute heart allograft
rejection, the results also suggest that the alloimmune response
circumvents Mig antagonism through alternative
mechanisms.
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