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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 3346-3353.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

IL-12-Independent IFN-{gamma} Production by T Cells in Experimental Chagas’ Disease Is Mediated by IL-181

Uwe Müller*, Gabriele Köhler{dagger}, Horst Mossmann*, Günter A. Schaub{ddagger}, Gottfried Alber§, James P. Di Santo, Frank Brombacher2,|| and Christoph Hölscher3,||

* Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and {dagger} Department of Pathology, Freiburg, Germany; {ddagger} Department of Special Zoology and Parasitology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany; § Institute of Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; and || Department of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

IL-12p35-deficient (IL-12p35-/-) mice were highly susceptible to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and succumbed during acute infection, demonstrating the crucial importance of endogenous IL-12 in resistance to experimental Chagas’ disease. Delayed immune responses were observed in mutant mice, although comparable IFN-{gamma} and TNF-{alpha} blood levels as in wild-type mice were detected 2 wk postinfection. In vivo and in vitro analysis demonstrated that T cells, but not NK cells, were recruited to infected organs. Analysis of mice double deficient in the recombinase-activating gene 2 (RAG2) and IL-12p35, as well as studies involving T cell depletion, identified CD4+ T cells as the cellular source for IL-12-independent IFN-{gamma} production. IL-18 was induced in IL-12p35-/- mice and was responsible for IFN-{gamma} production, as demonstrated by in vivo IL-18 neutralization studies. In conclusion, evidence is presented for an IL-12-independent IFN-{gamma} production in experimental Chagas’ disease that is T cell and IL-18 dependent.




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