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*
Experimental Retrovirology Section, Center for Cancer Research and
HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
Department of Internal Medicine II, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 is a ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4 which is broadly expressed in lymphocytes, but the effects of SDF-1 on T cells are largely unknown. When examined using complementary DNA microarray, up-regulation of genes which are associated with DNA repair, detoxification, apoptosis, cell morphology, cell adhesion, and signal transduction was seen in CD4+ T cells upon SDF-1 exposure. SDF-1 was shown to promote CD4+ T cell survival through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cascades without cell cycle progression. The proapoptotic Bcl-2 antagonistic of cell death protein was also seen inactivated by the SDF-1-mediated activation of MAPK-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-ribosomal S6 kinases- and PI3K-pathways. Moreover, the genes known to be associated with cell survival were up-regulated upon SDF-1 exposure and were linked to the MAPK-MEK and PI3K-pathways. Thus, SDF-1 promotes cell survival by two mechanisms: posttranslational inactivation of the cell death machinery and an increased transcription of cell survival-related genes. SDF-1 also primed resting CD4+ T cells for cytokine- and TCR-mediated stimuli. These data suggest that the SDF-1-mediated cell survival combined with its priming function would set T cells to respond to immunologic challenges.
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