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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 2595-2601.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Inhibition of Activated/Memory (CD45RO+) T Cells by Oxidative Stress Associated with Block of NF-{kappa}B Activation1

Karl-Johan Malmberg2,*, Velmurugesan Arulampalam{dagger}, Fumiko Ichihara*, Max Petersson*,{ddagger}, Kazutake Seki*, Tove Andersson{dagger}, Rodica Lenkei§, Giuseppe Masucci*, Sven Pettersson{ddagger} and Rolf Kiessling*,{ddagger}

* Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, {dagger} Center for Genomic Research, and {ddagger} Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and § CALAB Research/NOVA Medical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden

Impaired immune responses in cancer patients have been associated with oxidative stress. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species released from activated, tumor-infiltrating macrophages or granulocytes may therefore constitute a hurdle for effective immunotherapy against cancer. In this study, we investigated functional consequences and molecular events in T cells exposed to low levels of oxidative stress. We observed that cytokine production of human PBMC, upon stimulation with an HLA-A*0201-restricted influenza peptide and nonspecific receptor cross-linking, was reduced after exposure to micromolar levels of H2O2. Functional impairment as measured by IFN-{gamma} release occurred earlier and at lower doses of exogenously added H2O2 than required to induce apoptosis. This suggests that there is a dose window of oxidative stress leading to T cell unresponsiveness in the absence of apoptosis. The reduction of Th1 cytokines, induced by H2O2, was predominantly observed in memory/effector (CD45RO+) T cells and correlated with a block in NF-{kappa}B activation. IL-10 production was more profoundly influenced by low doses of H2O2 than IFN-{gamma}, TNF-{alpha}, and IL-2. The influence of H2O2 on production of IL-10 was not significantly different between memory/activated and naive T cells. These observations suggest that Th1 and Th2 cytokines are differently regulated under conditions of oxidative stress. Taken together, these findings may explain why Ag-experienced, CD45RO+, T cells found in the tumor milieu are functionally suppressed.




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