| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of
*
Neurobiology and
Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Males are less susceptible than females to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and many other autoimmune diseases. Gender differences in cytokine production have been observed in splenocytes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice stimulated with myelin proteins and may underlie gender differences in susceptibility. As these differences should not be limited to responses specific for myelin proteins, gender differences in cytokine production upon stimulation with Ab to CD3 were examined, and the mechanisms were delineated. Splenocytes from male mice stimulated with Ab to CD3 produced more IL-10 and IL-4 and less IL-12 than those from female mice. Furthermore, splenocytes from dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated female mice produced more IL-10 and less IL-12 than those from placebo-treated female mice, whereas there was no difference in IL-4. IL-12 knockout mice were then used to determine whether changes in IL-10 production were mediated directly by testosterone vs indirectly by changes in IL-12. The results of these experiments favored the first hypothesis, because DHT treatment of female IL-12 knockout mice increased IL-10 production. To begin to delineate the mechanism by which DHT may be acting, the cellular source of IL-10 was determined. At both the RNA and protein levels, IL-10 was produced primarily by CD4+ T lymphocytes. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then shown to express the androgen receptor, raising the possibility that testosterone acts directly on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 production. In vitro experiments demonstrated increased IL-10 production following treatment of CD4+ T lymphocytes with DHT. Thus, testosterone can act directly via androgen receptors on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 gene expression.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  I. J. Elenkov, R. Kvetnansky, A. Hashiramoto, V. K. Bakalov, A. A. Link, K. Zachman, M. Crane, D. Jezova, J. Rovensky, M. A. Dimitrov, et al. Low- versus High-Baseline Epinephrine Output Shapes Opposite Innate Cytokine Profiles: Presence of Lewis- and Fischer-Like Neurohormonal Immune Phenotypes in Humans? J. Immunol., August 1, 2008; 181(3): 1737 - 1745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Siracusa, M. G. Overstreet, F. Housseau, A. L. Scott, and S. L. Klein 17{beta}-Estradiol Alters the Activity of Conventional and IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., February 1, 2008; 180(3): 1423 - 1431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Jane-wit, C. Z. Altuntas, J. Monti, J. M. Johnson, T. G. Forsthuber, and V. K. Tuohy Sex-Defined T-Cell Responses to Cardiac Self Determine Differential Outcomes of Murine Dilated Cardiomyopathy Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2008; 172(1): 11 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. L. Sicotte, B. S. Giesser, V. Tandon, R. Klutch, B. Steiner, A. E. Drain, D. W. Shattuck, L. Hull, H.-J. Wang, R. M. Elashoff, et al. Testosterone Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study Arch Neurol, May 1, 2007; 64(5): 683 - 688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Dunn, S. S. Ousman, R. A. Sobel, L. Zuniga, S. E. Baranzini, S. Youssef, A. Crowell, J. Loh, J. Oksenberg, and L. Steinman Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR){alpha} expression in T cells mediates gender differences in development of T cell-mediated autoimmunity J. Exp. Med., February 19, 2007; 204(2): 321 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J J Corrales, M Almeida, R Burgo, M T Mories, J M Miralles, and A Orfao Androgen-replacement therapy depresses the ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines by circulating antigen-presenting cells in aging type-2 diabetic men with partial androgen deficiency. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 189(3): 595 - 604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Caron, L. Lariviere, M. Nacache, M. Tam, M. M. Stevenson, C. McKerly, P. Gros, and D. Malo Influence of Slc11a1 on the Outcome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Infection in Mice Is Associated with Th Polarization. Infect. Immun., May 1, 2006; 74(5): 2787 - 2802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Reddy, H. Waldner, X. Zhang, Z. Illes, K. W. Wucherpfennig, R. A. Sobel, and V. K. Kuchroo Cutting Edge: CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Contribute to Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5591 - 5595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Palaszynski, D. L. Smith, S. Kamrava, P. S. Burgoyne, A. P. Arnold, and R. R. Voskuhl A Yin-Yang Effect between Sex Chromosome Complement and Sex Hormones on the Immune Response Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3280 - 3285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. H. van den Broek, J. G. Damoiseaux, M. H De Baets, and R. M. Hupperts The influence of sex hormones on cytokines in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a review Multiple Sclerosis, June 1, 2005; 11(3): 349 - 359. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Roden, M. T. Moser, S. D. Tri, M. Mercader, S. M. Kuntz, H. Dong, A. A. Hurwitz, D. J. McKean, E. Celis, B. C. Leibovich, et al. Augmentation of T Cell Levels and Responses Induced by Androgen Deprivation J. Immunol., November 15, 2004; 173(10): 6098 - 6108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Malkin, P. J. Pugh, R. D. Jones, D. Kapoor, K. S. Channer, and T. H. Jones The Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Endogenous Inflammatory Cytokines and Lipid Profiles in Hypogonadal Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2004; 89(7): 3313 - 3318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gylling, E. Kaariainen, R. Vaisanen, L. Kerosuo, M.-L. Solin, L. Halme, S. Saari, M. Halonen, O. Kampe, J. Perheentupa, et al. The Hypoparathyroidism of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy Protective Effect of Male Sex J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2003; 88(10): 4602 - 4608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
