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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 1592-1600.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Targeted Mutation of TNF Receptor I Rescues the RelA-Deficient Mouse and Reveals a Critical Role for NF-{kappa}B in Leukocyte Recruitment1

Elizabeth Alcamo2,*, Joseph P. Mizgerd{dagger}, Bruce H. Horwitz{ddagger}, Rod Bronson§, Amer A. Beg, Martin Scott||, Claire M. Doerschuk3,{dagger}, Richard O. Hynes* and David Baltimore4,#

* Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; {dagger} Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; {ddagger} Division of Immunology Research, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; § Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Boston MA 02111; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; || Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142; # California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

NF-{kappa}B binding sites are present in the promoter regions of many acute phase and inflammatory response genes, suggesting that NF-{kappa}B plays an important role in the initiation of innate immune responses. However, targeted mutations of the various NF-{kappa}B family members have yet to identify members responsible for this critical role. RelA-deficient mice die on embryonic day 15 from TNF-{alpha}-induced liver degeneration. To investigate the importance of RelA in innate immunity, we genetically suppressed this embryonic lethality by breeding the RelA deficiency onto a TNFR type 1 (TNFR1)-deficient background. TNFR1/RelA-deficient mice were born healthy, but were susceptible to bacterial infections and bacteremia and died within a few weeks after birth. Hemopoiesis was intact in TNFR1/RelA-deficient newborns, but neutrophil emigration to alveoli during LPS-induced pneumonia was severely reduced relative to that in wild-type or TNFR1-deficient mice. In contrast, radiation chimeras reconstituted with RelA or TNFR1/RelA-deficient hemopoietic cells were healthy and demonstrated no defect in neutrophil emigration during LPS-induced pneumonia. Analysis of RNA harvested from the lungs of mice 4 h after LPS insufflation revealed that the induction of several genes important for neutrophil recruitment to the lung was significantly reduced in TNFR1/RelA-deficient mice relative to that in wild-type or TNFR1-deficient mice. These results suggest that TNFR1-independent activation of RelA is essential in cells of nonhemopoietic origin during the initiation of an innate immune response.




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