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*
Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy; and
Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom
Cytokines that are induced by infection may contribute to the
initiation of immune responses through their ability to stimulate
dendritic cells (DCs). In this paper, we have addressed the role of
IL-15 in DC activation, investigating its expression by DCs in response
to three different signals of infection and examining its ability to
stimulate DCs. We report that the expression of both IL-15 and the
IL-15 receptor 
-chain are increased in splenic DCs from mice
inoculated with dsRNA (poly(I:C)), LPS, or IFN-
, and in
purified murine splenic DCs treated with IFN- in vitro.
Furthermore, IL-15 itself was able to activate DCs, as in vivo or in
vitro exposure of splenic DCs to IL-15 resulted in an up-regulation of
costimulatory molecules, markedly increased production of IFN-
by DC
and an enhanced ability of DCs to stimulate Ag-specific
CD8+ T cell proliferation. The magnitude of all of the
IL-15-induced changes in DCs was reduced in mice deficient for the
IFN- receptor, suggesting a role for IFN- in the
stimulation of DCs by IL-15. These results identify IL-15 as a
stimulatory cytokine for DCs with the potential for autocrine activity
and link its effects to expression of
IFN-.
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M. Wysocka, B. M. Benoit, S. Newton, L. Azzoni, L. J. Montaner, and A. H. Rook Enhancement of the host immune responses in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-15 Blood, December 15, 2004; 104(13): 4142 - 4149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Moschella, B. Bisikirska, A. Maffei, K. P. Papadopoulos, D. Skerrett, Z. Liu, C. S. Hesdorffer, and P. E. Harris Gene Expression Profiling and Functional Activity of Human Dendritic Cells Induced with IFN-{alpha}-2b: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 9(6): 2022 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Berard, K. Brandt, S. B. Paus, and D. F. Tough IL-15 Promotes the Survival of Naive and Memory Phenotype CD8+ T Cells J. Immunol., May 15, 2003; 170(10): 5018 - 5026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Koka, P. R. Burkett, M. Chien, S. Chai, F. Chan, J. P. Lodolce, D. L. Boone, and A. Ma Interleukin (IL)-15R{alpha}-deficient Natural Killer Cells Survive in Normal but Not IL-15R{alpha}-deficient Mice J. Exp. Med., April 21, 2003; 197(8): 977 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D. Judge, X. Zhang, H. Fujii, C. D. Surh, and J. Sprent Interleukin 15 Controls both Proliferation and Survival of a Subset of Memory-Phenotype CD8+ T Cells J. Exp. Med., October 7, 2002; 196(7): 935 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. J. Loza and B. Perussia Peripheral Immature CD2-/low T Cell Development from Type 2 to Type 1 Cytokine Production J. Immunol., September 15, 2002; 169(6): 3061 - 3068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. R. Meusel, K. E. Kehoe, and F. Imani Protein Kinase R Regulates Double-Stranded RNA Induction of TNF-{alpha} But Not IL-1{beta} mRNA in Human Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., June 15, 2002; 168(12): 6429 - 6435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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